Fiqh Muamalah Perspective on the Practice of Debt and Receivables in Agricultural Product Buying and Selling Transactions

Abstract

This research examines the perspective of fiqh muamalah
on the practice of debt in sales transactions of agricultural
products with payment after harvest. Debts are often incurred by
farmers who need initial capital for planting. This study uses the
library research method, referring to classical and contemporary
literature on fiqh muamalah. The results show that the practice of debt in the sale of
agricultural products is recognized in fiqh muamalah, provided
that there is clarity and a fair agreement regarding the amount of
debt, payment time, and quality of goods. Transparency in price
and quality of the harvested products is an important aspect that
must be considered. Fiqh muamalah emphasizes the importance
of avoiding usury and injustice in transactions, hence the
contracts of salam and istisna’ are often used as Shariacompliant alternatives.
In conclusion, the practice of debt in sales transactions of
agricultural products is acceptable under Islamic law as long as
it meets the conditions of fiqh muamalah, promoting fair and
transparent transactions for all parties